Vocabulary
1.
accuracy –
how close a value is to the actual or true value; also see precision
2.
acid – a
compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a pH of less than 7.0 or a
compound that donates a hydrogen ion
3.
activated complex –
a structure that forms because of a collision between molecules while new bonds
are formed activation energy activity series actual yield
4.
addition reaction –
within organic chemistry, when two or more molecules combine to make a larger
one
5.
barometer –base
– a substance that accepts a proton and has a high pH ; a common example is
sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
6.
centrifuge –
equipment used to separate substances based on density by rotating the tubes
around a centred axis
around a centred axis
7.
cell potential –
the force in a galvanic cell that pulls electron through reducing agent to
oxidizing agent
8.
chemical reaction –
the change of one or more substances into another or multiple substances
9.
colloid –
mixture of evenly dispersed substances, such as many milks
10.
combustion –
an exothermic reaction between an oxidant and fuel with heat and often light
11.
condensation –
the phase change from gas to liquid
12.
covalent bond –
chemical bond that involves sharing electrons
13.
crystal – a
solid that is packed with ions, molecules or atoms in an orderly fashion
14.
cuvette – glassware
used in spectroscopic experiments. It is usually made of plastic, glass or
quartz and should be as clean and clear as possible
quartz and should be as clean and clear as possible
15.
deionization –
the removal of ions, and in water’s case mineral ions such as sodium, iron and
16.
calcium
deliquescence – substances that absorb water from the atmosphere to form
liquid
17.
solutions deposition
– settling of particles within a solution or mixture
18.
dipole –
electric or magnetic separation of charge
19.
dipole moment –
the polarity of a polar covalent bond
20.
dissolution or solvation
– the spread of ions in a solvent
21.
electromagnetism
– fields that have electric charge and electric properties that change the way
that particles move and interact
22.
Faraday constant –
a unit of electrical charge widely used in electrochemistry and equal to
~ 96,500 coulombs. It represents 1 mol of electrons, or the Avogadro number of electrons: 6.022 × 10 23 electrons. F = 96 485. 339 9(24) C /mol
~ 96,500 coulombs. It represents 1 mol of electrons, or the Avogadro number of electrons: 6.022 × 10 23 electrons. F = 96 485. 339 9(24) C /mol
23.
galvanic cell –
battery made up of electrochemical with two different metals connected by salt
bridge
24.
gas –
particles that fill their container though have no definite shape or volume
25.
geochemistry –
the chemistry of and chemical composition of the Earth
26.
indicator – a
special compound added to solution that changes color depending on the acidity
of the solution; different indicators have different colors and effective pH
ranges
27.
inorganic compound –
compounds that do not contain carbon, though there are exceptions (see main
article)
28.
inorganic chemistry
– a part of chemistry concerned with inorganic compounds
29.
insulator –
material that resists the flow of electric current
30.
ionic bond –
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
31.
ionization
-The breaking up of a compound into separate ions.
32.
lattice –
Unique arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid.
33.
Metal –
Chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and
forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals.
34.
melting – The
phase change from a solid to a liquid
35.
metalloid – A
substance possessing both the properties of metals and non-metals
36.
methylene blue –
a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the molecular formula
C 16H 18N 3 SCl
C 16H 18N 3 SCl
37.
microcentrifuge –
a small plastic container that is used to store small amounts of liquid
38.
molecule – a
chemically bonded number of atoms that are electrically neutral
39.
molecular orbital –
region where an electron can be found in a molecule (as opposed to an atom)
40.
neutron – a
neutral unit or subatomic particle that has no net charge
Hi dina, can you give me example of chemical reaction?
BalasHapusThe decomposition or analysis reaction is the opposite of the synthesis reaction. A more complex compound will be broken down into simpler compounds. Examples are water molecules that are broken down into oxygen gas and hydrogen gas, with the equation of the reaction:
Hapus2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
Give me an example of a reaction adhesion?
BalasHapusThe adductive reaction is the reaction of combining two or more molecules into a larger molecule with the corresponding reduction of the double bond of one of the molecules reacting due to the incorporation. Usually one involved molecule has double bonds. This reaction occurs only unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkenes). An example of an adduct reaction is a reaction between ethene and chlorine gas to form 1,2-dichloroethane.
HapusHello dina, give me an example of colloid
BalasHapusThe colloidal system (hereinafter abbreviated as "colloid" only) is a mixed (dispersion) form of two or more homogeneous substances but has a large dispersion of particle size (1- 1000 nm), resulting in a Tyndall Effect. Homogeneous means that the dispersed particles are not affected by the force of gravity or other forces imposed on them; So there is no precipitation. For example, this homogeneous nature is also owned by the solution, but is not possessed by the usual mixture (suspension).
HapusColloid is easy to find everywhere: milk, gelatin, ink, shampoo, and cloud are colloid examples that can be found everyday. The cytoplasm in the cell is also a colloidal system. Colloid chemistry becomes a separate study in industrial chemistry because of its importance.
Explain the understanding and explanation of methylene blue and give an example
BalasHapusBlue methylene (CI 52015) is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the chemical formula C16H18N3SCl. This compound is widely used in the field of biology and chemistry. At room temperature this compound is solid, odorless, powder-shaped dark green that will produce a dark blue solution when dissolved in water. The hydrate form contains 3 water molecules per blue methylene molecule.
HapusTry to explain the kinds of chemical reactions?
BalasHapusChemical Reaction Type
HapusThe main types of chemical reactions are:
1. Combination or Reaction Synthesis
Combination or synthesis of one reaction, where the new product is synthesized by a combination of two or three reactants.
example
Hydrogen + Oxygen → Water
H2 + O2 → H2O
In this reaction, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. So, as they combine to form new products, and new compounds, water is synthesized here, this reaction is said to be a synthesis reaction.
Also, it is a balanced equation, because, on the reactant side, there are 2 oxygen atoms, but on the product side, there is only one oxygen atom. Equations or chemical reactions apply only when the number of moles of reactants is equal to the number of moles of the product.
Since the participating elements of the atomic number must remain constant proportional before and after the reaction, add 2 in front of H2O, to make the number of oxygen atoms equal to 2.
H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Now there are 4 hydrogens on the right side, but only 2 on the left side. So add 2, in front of H2, to make it equal to 4, that is,
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
2. Decomposition reaction
The one decomposition reaction, in which one compounds decomposes or breaks into two or more different products.
example
Lead nitrate → Lead monoxide + Nitrogen dioxide + Oxygen
Pb (NO3) 2 → PbO + NO2 + O2
On balancing this, we will get,
2PB (NO3) 2 → 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
Here, lead nitrate, gets rotted, or damaged to form lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. This is an example of a decomposition reaction.
3. Response Reaction or Reaction of Replacement
There are two types of displacement reactions.
Single displacement reaction.
When a cation or anion is exchanged from a compound, it is referred to as a single displacement reaction.
XY + Z → XZ + Y
example
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
In the above reaction, zinc replaces hydrogen from hydrogen sulfate or sulfuric acid, to form zinc sulfate. Since only cations are exchanged here, this is a single displacement reaction.
4. Double replacement reactions
Anions are exchanged between two compounds, or salts. This reaction produces different combinations of cations and anions, at the end.
XY + AZ → XZ + AY
example
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
Barium leaf chloride ions and will be attached to sodium. In this process, sulfate ions leaves sodium and attaches Barium. Thus, there is an anion exchange between Barium and sodium resulting in the replacement or displacement of multiple reactions. Since both compounds change, this is different from a single displacement reaction.
5. Reaction of Acid Bases
Acids and bases combine to produce salt and water. This reaction is called a neutralizing reaction or just an acid-base reaction.
example
HBr + KOH → H2O + KBr
Acid salt water base
HBr, acid reacts with a base, potassium hydroxide, to form water and salts, potassium bromide. This is a very important type of reaction, occurring in biological systems as well.
6. Burning Reaction
The reaction in which most organic compounds burn in the presence of oxygen to produce most of the carbon dioxide, water, and other products, is also a type of combination reaction. The combination of substances with the oxygen yield in combustion, which causes the combustion of the compound for said basic product.
example
C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Butane, an organic compound, burns in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.